Anthralin is an anthrone inhibitor of keratinocyte proliferation and a modulator of differentiation. It increases apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) when used at a concentration of 2.5 μM. It also decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, increases cytochrome c release, and induces perinuclear mitochondrial clustering in NHKs when used at a concentration of 5 μM. Anthralin (0.25 μM) decreases the expression of β-defensin-2 and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and increases the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in IL-17A- and IL-22-stimulated NHKs. It also inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4; ) production, stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187 , from human neutrophils (IC50 = 7 μM). Topical anthralin (0.1%) induces hair regrowth in a Dundee experimental bald rat (DEBR) model of alopecia areata.
Anthralin (Anthra-Derm) is a potent reducing agent
whose mechanism of action is unknown. It is approved
for the treatment of psoriasis and also may be helpful in
alopecia areata. The major toxicities are discoloration
of skin, hair, and nails and irritant dermatitis.
ChEBI: An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.
Anthra-Derm (Dermik); DrithoCreme
(Dermik); Drithoscalp (Dermik); Lasan (Stiefel).
Lemon yellow leaflets or plates or an orange powder. Melting point 176-181°C. No odor or taste. Insoluble in water. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used as a treatment for psoriasis.
Unstable in air when in alkaline solution. Insoluble in water.
ANTHRALIN reacts as a weak acid. Soluble in aqueous bases. May react with strong oxidizing agents. May be sensitive to light and moisture .
Very irritating. Do not use on scalp or near eyes.
Flash point data are not available for ANTHRALIN; however, ANTHRALIN is probably combustible.
Anthralin's side effects include pruritus, erythema, scaling,
folliculitis, and lymphadenopathy. Staining of skin and clothes can also be an issue.
