Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate Sodium Salt: A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction

Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt is a widely used chemical compound in various industries, particularly in the fields of chemistry and pharmaceuticals. As an anionic surfactant, DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is known for its excellent emulsifying, wetting, and dispersing properties. It plays a crucial role in multiple applications, ranging from industrial processes to medical formulations.

Figure 1 Characteristics of Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt

Chemical Properties

Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt is characterized by its molecular formula C20H37NaO7S and a molecular weight of 444.56 g/mol. It belongs to the sulfosuccinate class of surfactants, which are ester derivatives of sulfosuccinate acid. DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is typically a white or off-white powder, although it is also available in liquid form depending on its specific formulation and intended use.

One of the defining characteristics of DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is its high solubility in water and polar organic solvents, making it a versatile agent in aqueous and non-aqueous systems. The compound exhibits a low critical micelle concentration (CMC), usually in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mM, which contributes to its effectiveness as a surfactant at low concentrations. Its ability to reduce surface tension is notable, with a typical value of around 25-30 dyn/cm at a concentration of 0.1% in water, enhancing its utility in formulations requiring efficient spreading and wetting capabilities.

DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is also stable over a broad pH range, generally from 4 to 9, allowing it to be employed in various environments without significant degradation. However, it is important to note that under highly acidic or alkaline conditions, hydrolysis may occur, leading to the breakdown of the ester linkage in the molecule.

Primary Components

The primary component of Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt is the sodium salt of dioctyl sulfosuccinate, which is derived from the reaction of succinic anhydride with octanol, followed by sulfonation and neutralization with sodium hydroxide. The result is a compound where the hydrophobic octyl groups are attached to a hydrophilic sulfosuccinate head, creating an amphiphilic molecule that is highly effective in reducing surface tension and stabilizing emulsions.

The purity of DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT in commercial products can vary depending on the manufacturing process and intended application. Typically, the active content ranges from 70% to 85%, with the remainder consisting of water, residual solvents, or other inert ingredients. High-purity grades are often required for pharmaceutical or food applications, where the presence of impurities must be minimized.

Applications

Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt is a multifaceted compound with a wide range of applications across various industries. Its primary uses include:

Pharmaceuticals: In the pharmaceutical industry, DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is extensively used as a stool softener in oral and rectal formulations, marketed under brand names like Colace. Its surfactant properties allow it to lower the surface tension of intestinal fluids, promoting water penetration into the stool and facilitating easier bowel movements. Additionally, it is used as an emulsifying agent in topical formulations, aiding in the stable dispersion of active ingredients in creams and ointments.

Cosmetics and Personal Care: DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is utilized in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, including shampoos, conditioners, and lotions. Its ability to act as a wetting agent improves the spreadability of these products, while its emulsifying properties help maintain the stability of formulations containing both water and oil phases.

Industrial Applications: In industrial settings, DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT serves as a key ingredient in processes such as emulsion polymerization, where it stabilizes the polymer particles in the aqueous phase, ensuring uniform particle size and preventing coagulation. It is also used in the manufacture of detergents, where its surfactant action enhances the removal of oils and greases from surfaces.

Agriculture: In the agricultural sector, DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is employed as a dispersant and wetting agent in pesticide formulations. It ensures that the active ingredients are evenly distributed and adhere well to plant surfaces, thereby improving the efficacy of the pesticide.

Food Industry: Although less common, DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT is used in certain food processing applications as an emulsifier and stabilizer, particularly in products like whipped toppings and bakery mixes, where it helps maintain texture and consistency.

Storage and Handling

Proper storage and handling of Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt are crucial to maintaining its stability and effectiveness. DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and sources of heat. The recommended storage temperature is typically between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F). Exposure to temperatures outside this range can lead to degradation of the compound, particularly if the product is in liquid form.

Containers of DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT should be tightly sealed when not in use to prevent moisture absorption, which can lead to clumping in the powder form or separation in liquid formulations. It is also important to store the compound away from strong acids or bases, as these can catalyze hydrolysis and degrade the product.

During handling, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing should be worn to avoid skin and eye contact, as DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT can irritate. In the event of a spill, the affected area should be cleaned promptly with water to prevent slipping hazards and potential environmental contamination.

Conclusion

Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt is a vital surfactant with broad applications across multiple industries, from pharmaceuticals to industrial processes. Its unique chemical properties, including excellent solubility, low CMC, and stability across a range of conditions, make it a valuable tool for professionals in the chemical industry. By understanding the nature, components, uses, and proper storage of DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE SODIUM SALT, industry practitioners can maximize its benefits while ensuring safe and effective handling.

Reference

[1] Ahuja S, Cohen J. Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate[J]. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances, 1983, 12: 713-720.

[2] Steffy D A, Nichols A C, Kiplagat G. Investigating the effectiveness of the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to disperse oil in a changing marine environment[J]. Ocean science journal, 2011, 46: 299-305.

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