4525-33-1

Hazard Information

Questions And Answer

• Description

  Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), also known as Viguolin, is a kind of fruit juice beverage preservative (INS No. 242) that is allowed to be used in my country's food additive use standards. Under normal or even low temperature conditions, DMDC has a strong ability to kill many contaminating bacteria in fruit juice drinks, and its antiseptic effect is closely related to the modification and inactivation of key enzyme proteins in the bacteria by DMDC. Compared with other physical sterilization technologies, the use of DMDC is low in cost, simple and safe to operate, and does not affect the taste, smell and color of the product. It has become one of the hotspots in the research of emerging non-thermal sterilization technologies. ;

• Mechanism of action

  Dimethyl dicarbonate has been approved by FDA for use as a yeast inhibitor in bottled wines ( FR Oct. 21 , 1988 ) .It is highly reactive and can react chemically with a variety of reactive groups (such as sulfhydryl, hydroxyl, amino and carboxyl). Among them, the researchers focused on the characteristics of the reaction between pyrocarbonate compounds and enzyme proteins. The results show that in the reaction between enzyme protein and pyrocarbonate compounds, the imidazole group in histidine residues in the enzyme protein is mainly involved in the reaction to form methyl (or ethyl) oxyformyl imidazole group. In addition, studies have also found that many enzymes (such as bovine brain tissue succinate semialdehyde reductase, nucleic acid hydrolase, alcohol dehydrogenase, etc.) have been modified by pyrocarbonate compounds, their enzyme activity has been significantly reduced, and the enzyme activity has decreased and the enzyme activity has decreased. The degree of histidine modification in the protein has a significant correlation.;

• Uses

  Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), a chemical used to combat brettanomyces in wine, is classified as an additive.DMDC is allowed for the preservation of nonalcoholic flavored drinks, alcohol-free wine, and liquid-tea concentrate in ingoing amounts up to 250 mg/L.Because of its reactivity to nucleophilic groups present in proteins, it easily binds to these, which, in the case of enzymes, leads to inactivation of these and hence to inactivation of microorganisms.150In an aqueous medium, it undergoes complete hydrolysis to methanol and carbon dioxide within a few hours. The EC Directive provides a remark that dimethyl dicarbonate residues are not detectable in drinks.;

• Preparation

  In a 2000ml reaction flask, add 400g methyl chloroformate (industrial grade), 400ml dichloromethane, add 143.82g dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, stir and cool to 5-15°C, Add 1166gl 4% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution dropwise. After the addition is complete, let stand for layering. Discard the water layer. Add 32g 85% sulfuric acid to the organic layer. Stir for 1.5 hours at room temperature. Separate the layers. Add anhydrous magnesium sulfate to dry the organic layer and filter. , Then vacuum distillation, first remove the solvent, and then collect the 200Pa, 30°C -35°C distillate to obtain 232g of colorless liquid product dimethyl dicarbonate, yield 81.9%, freezing point 17°C, GC purity 99.9%.;

• Safety Profile

  Dimethyl dicarbonate (Velcorinor DMDC) is now used as a preservative in many countries but its toxicity requires the use of special dispensing equipment. Dimethyl dicarbonate decom-poses to CHgOH and CO2 in a product and its maximum rate of addition is typi-cally 0.025 wt%.
  DMDC is used in the beverage industry for supplemental microbial control in beverages during the final stages of filling. It is added to beverages, whose viable microorganism load was previously reduced by other technologies, immediately prior to bottling, canning, or other forms of final packaging. To ensure its safe use, the agency set the maximum amount of DMDC that may be added to food at 250 parts per million (ppm). DMDC is currently approved under § 172.133(b)(1) and (b)(2) as an inhibitor of yeast in various beverages under normal circumstances of bottling or canning where the viable yeast count has been reduced to 500 per milliliter (mL) or less by current good manufacturing practices. DMDC is also approved under § 172.133(b)(3) and (b)(4) as an inhibitor of yeast in additional beverages. During its review of the subject petition, FDA found that restrictions given in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) were inadvertently omitted from paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4).
  https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2001/03/07/01-5511/food-additives-permitted-for-direct-addition-to-food-for-human-consumption-dimethyl-dicarbonate;

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